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Heonsik Kim, University of Ulsan College of Medicine
1. Overview
Ginseng is renowned for its pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer activity and immune enhancement, largely attributed to its component called ginsenoside. Ginsenosides are neutral glycosides of bisdesmoside that bind various sugars to the dammarane skeleton of the triterpenoid series. There are approximately 40 identified types of ginsenoside components, categorized into protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT) types based on their chemical structures. Major saponins of the PPD family include Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rg3, Rh2, and the aglycone PD, while major saponins of the PPT family include Rg1, Rg2, F1, Rh1, and the aglycone PT.
Ginseng saponins can be further classified into major and minor saponins based on their content in ginseng. Major saponins, including Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1, constitute over 90% of total saponins. These major saponins are transformed into minor saponins like Rg3, Rh1, and Rh2 through hydrolysis by intestinal microorganisms, which enhances their absorbability. Minor saponins exhibit superior medicinal effects compared to major saponins in terms of anti-cancer activity, immunity enhancement, blood improvement, and dementia prevention.
While global consumption and sales of ginseng and related products amount to approximately KRW 3 trillion annually, research on ginsenosides remains relatively low due to challenges in obtaining sufficient samples. However, recent advancements in synthetic biological methods have made it easier to secure minor saponins, allowing for more systematic studies on their pharmacological effects, particularly in immune enhancement and anti-cancer activities. This report focuses on the immune function regulation effects of ginsenosides and the importance of identifying the activities of individual ginsenosides for selective immune function modulation.
2. Immune function regulation by ginseng saponins (ginsenosides)
The immune system is crucial for defending the body against cancer cells and external pathogens. Several studies have demonstrated the immune-enhancing effects of ginseng. Research in Denmark and Japan has highlighted ginseng’s ability to improve immune function and prevent colds. In Korea, Korean red ginseng has been extensively studied for its immunomodulatory effects, showing promotion of T lymphocyte proliferation, increased cytotoxic lymphocyte activity, and inhibition of cancer cell metastasis. Ginseng extracts have also been associated with the regulation of inflammatory factors, further supporting their role in immune function modulation.
However, the specific relationship between ginsenosides, the active ingredients in ginseng, and immune activity is still unclear due to limited systematic research. Among ginsenosides, Rg1 and Rg3 have been particularly linked to immunity enhancement and anti-cancer effects. While Rg1 is predominantly associated with immunity enhancement, Rg3 has shown promise in cancer treatment, although the exact mechanisms remain unknown.
3. Regulation of NK cell and macrophage function by ginsenosides
Natural Killer (NK) cells play a critical role in immune surveillance against cancer and viral infections. Ginseng polysaccharides and extracts have been reported to enhance NK cell activity, but research on the specific ginsenosides responsible for this effect is lacking. Ginsenosides such as Rg1 and Rh2 have shown potential in enhancing NK cell activity in animal models, suggesting their potential therapeutic applications in NK cell-related diseases. Additionally, ginsenosides have been found to modulate macrophage function, with some, such as CK, Rb1, Rc, Re, Rg1, and Rg5, alleviating inflammatory responses associated with various diseases.
4. Considerations
Although research on ginseng and ginsenosides has been extensive, there is a need for more systematic studies to elucidate their immune-modulating effects. Previous research has primarily focused on ginseng extracts, and there is limited understanding of the specific immune functions regulated by individual ginsenosides. Future research should aim to systematically identify the immune-modulating activities of each ginsenoside, paving the way for personalized immune function control and disease treatment. The development of synthetic biological methods for mass-producing standardized ginsenosides holds promise for addressing these research gaps and advancing ginsenoside-based immune function regulation.
The above information is a translation of a news article about Korean ginseng in Korea. The actual efficacy of ginseng may vary depending on individual circumstances and environments. SeoulGinseng adheres to laws and regulations and does not make explicit claims about the treatment of diseases in its advertisements. Instead, it mentions general claims about the potential health benefits of Korean ginseng or its scientifically validated efficacy, such as immune system enhancement, fatigue improvement, blood circulation enhancement, and stamina enhancement. We recommend consulting a doctor before consuming our ginseng products, and SeoulGinseng does not take responsibility for the health consequences of following this information. Especially for those taking prescription or over-the-counter medications, it’s essential to consult with a doctor before consuming our ginseng products.
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ After battling with various diseases for over a decade and enduring countless trips to the hospital with little improvement, I stumbled upon Korean ginseng product, and it’s been nothing short of miraculous. I was skeptical at first, having tried numerous treatments without success, but after just six months of incorporating this into my routine, I started noticing significant improvements in my health.
Not only did it save me from the frustration of ineffective treatments, but it also saved me a substantial amount of money and time that would have otherwise been wasted on futile medical interventions. I can’t express how grateful I am to have discovered Korean ginseng product.
If you’re struggling with chronic health issues like I was, I highly recommend giving this ginseng product a try.
Korean ginseng is said to cure all diseases, and it’s been a game-changer for me, and I’m confident it could be for you too.
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ My husband was traveling out of state
So I ordered Korean red ginseng
He said it helps him to get energy so good 👍
So I ordered again today
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ This is the first time I have tried this for stomach issues. By pure luck I found an article online about this product. I talked to a lot of Korean friends and specialists, got a lot of comments regarding the pros and cons. With this in mind I took the leap. It was the best thing that I have done. I had been having stomach problems for many years and in less than a couple of weeks of taking this Korean Red Ginseng I have not had any issues! I am AMAZED.
I heavily recommend that you consult your physician or herbalist (that knows about this product and history). I am now a true Believer!!!
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ During the first week of school, my son caught coronavirus in his dormitory, and upon returning home, he caught the flu right after midterm exams!!! After all these viral illnesses got better, I was hoping to strengthen his immune system. Not only did I recommend good eating habits and exercise, but I also gave him this ginseng. He has not been sick since then, and there are only 10 days left until summer vacation. huh!!!
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ I can definitely feel the energy difference and the bonus skin improvement is a plus. I’ve never taken ginseng before so I have nothing to compare it to but I’m happy with it.
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ This is my favorite immune supplement. I haven’t taken it for last four years. I bought new one a few weeks ago. My condition is very good in these days because I take it continuously. This item is very helpful to me. I can get more energy to make food because if it, so my family can save money by not going to eat out . My life quality is increased and changed a lot to talkative person from a quiet person.😊l can not help loving SeoulGinseng because of these reasons.
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ I’ve been taking ginseng from this company in various forms since my Korean friend introduced me to it. Now my entire family takes it once a day. I don’t drink coffee, but when I take one it these, my energy level immediately goes up (without weird jitters). It’s pure and healthy.
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ After watching a video of a korean influencer on YouTube, saying that she takes red ginseng on a daily basis to maintain a healthy immune system, I decided to give it a try. And it really works ! I take it before going to the gym early in the mornings, and I feel more energized and agile. The taste at the beginning is strong, but become used to it at the end. Hey, if its ginger and all natural, I’m in. Perfect for a gift. Absolutely great product !
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Korean Red Ginseng benefits are age old. It strengthens the immune system, gives quick and sustaining energy depending on how much you take and more….
This particular ginseng is grown for a long time, so it says, and is comes from a long family tradition going back 113 or more years.
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ I’ve been following the advice of experts for the past two years, taking this ginseng product every morning on an empty stomach. And I have to say, it’s made a world of difference for me.
Since starting this routine, I’ve noticed a significant improvement in my chronic illness. It’s been such a relief to finally see some progress after dealing with it for so long. And on top of that, I’ve definitely been feeling more energized throughout the day.
I just wanted to express my gratitude for creating such a helpful product. It’s truly been a lifesaver for me, and I can’t thank you enough.
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Received three days after ordering. Thanks for the very fast delivery, I ate it with my family for immunity and a better day. The day seems less tiring, and the children feel less tired. Unlike ginseng, red ginseng is purchased because adults and children can eat it together. It’s also packed in one piece, so it’s easy to eat, so I chose everytime over other products: it’s easy to pack and carry around on a busy morning. The taste was less bitter than I thought, and the children were good because it was sweet. I want to take care of my family and friends’ health with Red ginseng extract. For a healthy family. ^^
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ I’ve been taking Korean red ginseng products for 5 years daily and it helps me stay awake long nights due to lots of workload I have to deal with everyday. I usually only sleep about 3-4 hours a day and Korean Red Ginseng product keeps me healthy and let’s me stay up with less sleep. When I don’t take this daily, I feel so tired and have no energy.
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ I am a IT professional and was looking for something for fatigue(mental and body) and stress relief as I have irregular work schedule and sleeping pattern. I tried various supplements like mindlab pro(almost $80 so price wise comparable to 30 strips product) but I was not able to see any signs of intake even after weeks. But Korean ginseng product has so far worked for me. Whenever I have fatigue or lack of energy, i take couple of strips and drink them all and I am back to full of energy.
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